Scratchcards · Randomness & Manufacturing

Are Scratchcards Truly Random?

Physical scratchcards are not random in the sense that a new result is generated when you scratch them. Your ticket is already a winner or loser before you buy it.

The randomness happens earlier: lotteries and manufacturers create a fixed prize structure, then use controlled randomisation, shuffling and unpredictable distribution so players and retailers should not be able to tell where the winning tickets are.

FIXED PRIZE STRUCTURERANDOMIZED ASSIGNMENTUNPREDICTABLE DISTRIBUTIONFIXED BEFORE SALE
Where the randomness actually happens
1The lottery defines the prize structure
2Winning and losing outcomes are randomized and shuffled
3Physical tickets and packs move through secure distribution
4Scratching reveals the result already inside your ticket
The coin does not create the result. It only uncovers it.
Quick answer

Scratchcards Are Randomized Within Rules — Not Created by a Fresh Random Draw When You Scratch

A physical instant game starts with deliberate numbers: how many tickets will exist, how many prizes will exist, how large those prizes will be and what the overall odds should look like.

The uncertainty comes from assigning and mixing those winning outcomes so their exact ticket positions and retail destinations cannot be predicted by the player.

The useful distinction

“Random” Does Not Mean “Nothing Is Planned”

The lottery absolutely plans the prize table. A game may contain a specified number of £5, $20 or €50 winners and only a handful of top prizes.

What should be unpredictable is which individual physical tickets carry those prizes and where those tickets ultimately appear in the retail network.

Five stages

At What Point Does Randomness Enter a Physical Scratchcard Game?

The easiest way to understand it is to follow the ticket from game design to your hand.

1

Prize Structure

The operator specifies ticket quantities, prize tiers, top-prize counts and game rules. This part is deliberately designed rather than random.

2

Game Data

Secure systems create the logical population of winning and losing outcomes that will become physical tickets.

3

Randomization

Random-number systems can shuffle prizes and ticket outcomes so the final mixture is unpredictable while still matching the approved prize structure.

4

Distribution

Finished ticket books and packs are moved through warehouses and retailers without exposing which ones contain particular winners.

5

Reveal

The player removes the opaque coating. Nothing new is drawn: the ticket's existing hidden data becomes visible.

A documented Ontario example

How Does Ontario Explain Random Physical Scratchcards?

OLG's PlaySmart gives one of the clearest public explanations of the process.

The Number of Prizes Is Known Before Anyone Knows Which Ticket Gets Which Prize

OLG says it starts by determining the exact ticket population and exact prize population. At that point, the lottery knows the game structure but does not yet know which physical ticket will carry a particular prize.

Fixed totalsThe number of tickets and prizes is deliberately defined first.
Random assignmentOLG describes a printing system using algorithms and a random number generator to make prize-to-ticket assignment unpredictable.
Secure handlingAfter printing, packs are boxed and distributed so warehouse personnel do not have winner-location information.
This is why physical randomness is different from a roulette spin. The randomization can happen during manufacturing, while the player's ticket then remains fixed for the rest of its life.
How manufacturers do it

Can a Random Number Generator Be Used to Make Physical Scratchcards?

Yes. RNG technology is not limited to online games.

Scientific Games Describes Randomized Prize Shuffling

Its KDS360 system uses separate random-number-generation keys from multiple independent parties to shuffle prizes within an instant game and then extends the shuffling to the individual-ticket level during manufacturing.

The Output Still Has to Match the Approved Game

Randomization does not allow the machine to create too many jackpots or omit required prize tiers. The finished game must satisfy the lottery's approved prize structure and production specifications.

How are scratchcards made? →

Controlled randomness

Can Scratchcards Be Random If the Prize Structure Is Fixed?

Yes. The fixed structure tells the system what must exist; randomization determines where those outcomes end up.

Deliberately controlled
  • Total ticket population or specified game size.
  • Number and value of prize tiers.
  • Number of top prizes.
  • Game rules and overall starting odds.
  • Any approved pack-level low-prize constraints.
Designed to be unpredictable
  • Which individual ticket receives a particular prize.
  • The mixture of winning and losing tickets.
  • Which pack contains a specific high-value winner.
  • Which retailer ultimately receives a particular winning ticket.
  • What the next unopened ticket in front of a player will reveal.
Not perfectly unconstrained

Does “Random” Mean Scratchcard Prizes Can Be Arranged in Absolutely Any Way?

No. Lottery randomization operates inside technical and game-design constraints.

The Game Must Still Match Its Prize Table

If the approved game contains ten top prizes, randomization cannot legitimately turn that into nine or eleven without violating the game specification.

Some Games Can Use Pack-Level Low-Prize Controls

WLA-SCS:2024 refers to a Guaranteed Low End Prize Structure, or GLEPS, where applicable. That allows game-specific rules about lower-tier prize distribution inside books.

Distribution Can Be Structured Fairly

Ontario's current lottery rules allow printing, issuance and distribution to be staggered or otherwise structured in a fair manner while preserving random chance on an overall basis.

So “random” is better understood as unpredictable and unbiased within the approved rules. It is not a claim that every conceivable arrangement of tickets must be equally permissible.
Security requirement

What Stops Ticket Numbers or Visible Marks Revealing the Winners?

Predictability from the outside of the ticket would undermine the entire instant-game model.

Winning Status Should Not Be Predictable From Visible Information

The current WLA security code specifically requires quality controls for the non-predictability of a ticket's winning status based on visible information. It also calls for opacity testing designed to see whether winning status could be determined without scratching or visibly altering the ticket.

Ticket numberShould not function as a simple public code for winner versus loser.
Printing marksVisible production information should not reveal hidden prize status.
Scratch layerThe concealed area must resist attempts to identify winners without obvious alteration.

Can a scratchcard be scanned before buying? →

Clusters are allowed

Can Two Winning Scratchcards Be Next to Each Other If the Game Is Random?

Yes. Randomness does not require winners to be evenly spaced.

Possible

Winner Next to Winner

Two or more winning tickets can occur close together without indicating that the game is improperly distributed.

Possible

Long Losing Gaps

A sequence can also contain many losing tickets without forcing a winner to appear immediately afterwards.

Not random

Perfectly Even Spacing Would Be Predictable

If every fourth ticket always won, the game's 1-in-4 odds would become an exploitable pattern rather than an unpredictable probability.

Game-specific

Low-Tier Pack Controls Can Still Exist

A pack can satisfy an approved low-end prize structure without creating an obvious public sequence showing which ticket wins.

Buying a whole pack of scratchcards: what happens to the odds? →

Retailer distribution

Are Winning Scratchcards Randomly Spread Between Shops?

The objective is unpredictable and fair distribution, not an identical winner count at every retailer.

Ontario Says Retail Location Does Not Improve the Ticket's Chance

PlaySmart says INSTANT prizes are distributed unpredictably and that the odds of a ticket winning at a given lottery retailer are the same regardless of where the store is.

That Does Not Mean Every Shop Sells the Same Number of Winners

Large retailers can sell far more tickets than small stores, while random clustering can cause several notable winners to appear at one location. Historical winner counts are not evidence that a shop receives better tickets.

How are winning scratchcards distributed? →   Are some shops luckier for scratchcards? →

Does anyone know?

If the Tickets Are Randomized, Can the Manufacturer Still Know Which Ones Won?

Random does not mean the underlying data ceases to exist.

The Manufacturer Needs Secure Game Data

The printer has to produce the correct prize structure, so controlled systems can determine which logical tickets are winners during production.

Security Separates Winner Knowledge From Location Knowledge

WLA-SCS:2024 says the printer/supplier can determine winning status while the operator knows where ticket books are located, and controls should prevent anyone from possessing both pieces of useful information before a prize is claimed.

Randomness and secrecy are different controls. Randomization makes placement unpredictable; information security prevents someone from exploiting the resulting winner data.

Can employees see winning scratchcards? →

What happens when you scratch?

Does Your Coin, Scratch Order or Technique Affect a Physical Scratchcard Result?

No. Once the physical ticket has been produced, its hidden play data is fixed.

No

Scratching Faster Does Not Change It

The coin is removing an opaque layer rather than generating a new outcome.

No

Starting in a Different Corner Does Not Change It

The printed symbols and validation data already belong to that ticket.

No

Waiting Until Tomorrow Does Not Re-Randomize It

The same intact ticket does not become a different winning or losing ticket because time passes.

Yes

The Game's Availability Can Change Around It

Other winners may be sold or claimed while your ticket sits untouched, changing the state of the wider finite game without changing what is printed on your card.

Physical vs online randomness

Are Physical Scratchcards Random in the Same Way as Online Scratchcards?

No. Both can rely on randomisation, but the timing and object being randomized are different.

Physical scratchcard
  • A finite or specified prize structure is created in advance.
  • Randomization can be used during game-data generation and manufacturing.
  • The result becomes embedded in a particular physical ticket.
  • That ticket is then distributed, sold and eventually scratched.
  • No new RNG outcome needs to be generated when the coating is removed.
Many online instant games
  • The game has approved probabilities rather than a pre-printed physical ticket population.
  • The individual digital outcome can be randomly determined when Buy is pressed.
  • The result is recorded electronically against that play.
  • Later animation or clicking reveals the already-recorded result.
  • The randomisation therefore happens much closer to the player's purchase.

Physical vs online scratchcards →   Are online scratchcards really random? →

What does “same chance” mean?

Does Every Physical Scratchcard Really Have the Same Chance of Winning?

This phrase needs context because a physical ticket becomes a fixed object once manufactured.

Before You Know the Hidden Result

From the player's perspective, the point of randomization and distribution is that an unopened ticket's status cannot be predicted from visible information.

Across the Game at Launch

Published odds describe the approved population of winning and losing outcomes, not a promise that every small group of tickets will mirror that ratio.

As a Finite Game Changes

Some major prizes can be sold or claimed before all tickets leave the market. That is why remaining-prize information can matter even though it cannot tell you which specific ticket still wins.

Florida Lottery summarizes the player-facing principle by saying there is no specific winning Scratch-Off pattern. For detailed analysis, however, always distinguish starting game odds from the changing state of a finite game.
Can random distribution be manipulated?

What Stops Someone Rigging the Randomization?

This is where security controls become as important as randomness itself.

The Randomization Process Is Part of the Security Standard

WLA-SCS:2024 treats the generation of physical instant-game data as a gaming system and applies random-number-generation controls to that process. It also requires an independent team to validate logical game data against the operator's requirements.

Controlled RNGThe randomization process used to generate physical instant-game data is subject to lottery RNG controls.
Independent validationLogical game data should be checked independently against the approved game requirements.
Encrypted game dataWLA calls for protection of winner and validation data during transfer between supplier and operator.

How is scratchcard fraud prevented? →

Common myths

Six Myths About Whether Scratchcards Are Random

Myth

“The Result Is Randomized When I Scratch”

The physical result already exists beneath the coating.

Myth

“Random Means the Lottery Doesn't Know How Many Winners Exist”

The prize structure is deliberately specified before production.

Myth

“Random Means Every Pack Must Be Completely Unstructured”

Game-specific low-end prize constraints can coexist with unpredictable winner positions.

Myth

“Random Means Winners Must Be Evenly Spaced”

Perfect spacing would actually create a predictable sequence.

Myth

“A Winning Shop Proves the Lottery Sends It Better Packs”

Sales volume and chance clustering can produce repeated winners without targeted allocation.

Reality

Physical Scratchcards Are Controlled but Unpredictable

The prize population is designed; the assignment, mixing and distribution are secured so players should not be able to predict which physical ticket wins.

Frequently asked questions

Physical Scratchcards and Randomness: 12 Common Questions

Lottery operators and manufacturers can use different production methods, so this guide separates documented security principles from operator-specific examples rather than assuming every physical instant game is built identically.

Are scratchcards truly random?

Physical scratchcards are best described as randomized within a controlled prize structure. The number and value of prizes are deliberately designed in advance, then winning and losing outcomes are assigned, shuffled and distributed so their locations are unpredictable to players and retailers.

Is the result generated when I scratch the card?

No. On a physical scratchcard, the winning or losing result already exists beneath the coating before the ticket reaches the shop. Scratching reveals the existing result; it does not run a new random draw.

How are winning scratchcards randomized?

Documented systems can use random number generation during game-data creation and manufacturing to shuffle winning and losing outcomes. Scientific Games describes separate random-generation keys from independent parties and ticket-level shuffling during production.

Does random mean the lottery does not choose how many winners there are?

No. The prize structure is deliberately fixed or specified before tickets are produced. Randomization determines how those approved winning and losing outcomes are assigned and mixed; it does not decide how much prize money the lottery wants the game to contain.

Are winning scratchcards evenly spread through every pack?

Not necessarily. Unpredictable distribution does not mean perfectly even spacing. Some games can also use a Guaranteed Low End Prize Structure for lower-tier prizes where specified, but that does not mean every pack has identical winners or a jackpot.

Can two winning scratchcards be next to each other?

Yes. Random or unpredictable mixing can create clusters as well as gaps. There is no universal rule that a winner must be followed by a set number of losing tickets.

Does every shop get the same number of winners?

No. Equal or fair chance does not require an equal historical count of winning tickets at every retailer. Sales volume, stock levels and random clustering can make some stores sell more winners than others.

Can ticket numbers reveal which scratchcards win?

They should not. WLA-SCS:2024 requires non-predictability of winning status from visible information and calls for ticket-opacity testing so winners cannot be identified without scratching or visibly altering the ticket.

Can scratchcard distribution be structured and still be random?

Yes. Ontario's rules allow ticket printing, issuance and distribution to be staggered or structured in another fair manner while preserving the principle of random chance on an overall basis. Randomness and operational controls can coexist.

Are physical scratchcards random in the same way as online scratchcards?

No. A physical ticket can use randomization during manufacturing, after which that ticket's outcome is fixed. Many online instant games instead determine the individual digital outcome electronically when the player purchases the play.

If the top prize has already been claimed, is the game still random?

The remaining physical tickets can still be unpredictably mixed, but a prize that has already been exhausted is no longer available. That is why current remaining-prize data matters for finite physical games even though it does not reveal where any remaining winner is located.

Can you use patterns from previous tickets to predict the next winner?

There is no reliable general pattern for doing so. Florida Lottery says there is no specific winning Scratch-Off pattern, while WLA security controls are expressly designed to prevent winning status from being predictable from visible ticket information.

Sources and evidence

Where This Explanation of Scratchcard Randomness Comes From

This page uses current lottery security standards plus official operator and manufacturer explanations of physical instant-game production and distribution.

World Lottery Association — WLA-SCS:2024 Code of PracticeCurrent requirements covering physical instant-game randomization, prize structures, GLEPS where applicable, non-predictability from visible information, game-data validation and ticket-prize confidentiality.Open source →
World Lottery Association — Behind the Scenes of Instant GamesExplains secure game data, random prize shuffling, an unpredictable and unbiased mix of winning and losing tickets and random pack distribution.Open source →
OLG PlaySmart — How INSTANTS Are Kept RandomDetailed Ontario explanation of fixed ticket/prize populations, RNG-based prize assignment during printing, secure production and unpredictable retailer distribution.Open source →
OLG — Rules Respecting Lottery GamesCurrent rules allowing physical instant-ticket printing, issuance and distribution to be staggered or structured in a fair manner while preserving random chance on an overall basis.Open source →
Scientific Games — KDS360 Instant Game SecurityManufacturer documentation describing independent random-number-generation keys, prize shuffling and individual-ticket shuffling during manufacturing.Open source →
Florida Lottery — IntegrityOfficial U.S. player guidance stating that there is no specific pattern for winning Scratch-Off tickets and that published odds cannot guarantee a winning ticket.Open source →
Lotto NZ — Play SmartCurrent New Zealand player guidance stating that lottery outcomes are random and impossible to predict, with different Instant Kiwi games carrying different odds.Open source →
Important context: “random” is used differently in everyday speech and lottery engineering. A physical scratchcard is not continuously random after manufacture: its result is fixed. The relevant randomness is the secure generation, assignment, mixing and distribution process that makes the winning ticket's identity unpredictable before reveal.