From one Saturday draw to four draws a week

Thunderball History: How the UK Lottery Game Has Changed Since 1999

Thunderball began in June 1999 as Camelot’s smaller-prize alternative to the main National Lottery draw. It started with one Saturday draw, five main numbers from 1–34 and a £250,000 top prize. More than 25 years later, it has a 1–39 main-number pool, a £500,000 top prize and four draws every week.

First draw · 12 June 1999 Original top prize · £250,000 Current top prize · £500,000
The short answer

When Did Thunderball Start — and Why Was It Created?

Thunderball was introduced by Camelot in June 1999. Tickets went on sale on Monday 7 June and the first draw took place on Saturday 12 June 1999.

The clearest contemporary explanation for why Thunderball was created comes from Camelot’s evidence to Parliament. Camelot said its research showed that while players liked large-jackpot lottery games, they also wanted a game offering a greater chance of winning smaller prizes.

That is exactly how the original Thunderball was structured. A line cost £1, players chose five main numbers from 1–34 plus one Thunderball from 1–14, the top prize was fixed at £250,000 and there were no jackpot rollovers.

There is no strong primary source naming one individual as the personal “inventor” of Thunderball. The evidence supports describing it as a game introduced and developed by Camelot, then the operator of The National Lottery, rather than attributing it to a single named creator.

A 2004 Parliamentary report lists Thunderball’s introduction as 7 June 1999, while the first actual draw was on 12 June. The difference is simply launch/ticket-sales date versus first-draw date.
Draw number 1

The First Thunderball Draw: 12 June 1999

Thunderball’s first draw took place on a Saturday. The winning line was 8, 26, 28, 31 and 32, with Thunderball 6.

First-ever Thunderball result
Saturday 12 June 1999
8 26 28 31 32 6
Draw number1
Ball set4
MachineExcalibur 3
Top prize then£250,000

The launch draw was very different from today’s version even though the basic 5 + 1 idea was already in place. The main-number pool stopped at 34, not 39, and the headline prize was £250,000.

Thunderball was also a once-a-week game. Contemporary and historical accounts place the draw inside the new BBC National Lottery programme Winning Lines, presented at launch by Simon Mayo.

The original format gave the top prize shorter odds than today’s game because there were fewer main-number combinations. That would change dramatically in 2010.

1999 to today

Thunderball Timeline: The Main Changes

Thunderball did not arrive in its current form. Its draw schedule and number matrix were expanded in stages over more than two decades.

7–12 June 1999

Thunderball launches

Tickets went on sale on 7 June and the first Saturday draw took place on 12 June. The original game used five numbers from 1–34 plus one Thunderball from 1–14, with a fixed £250,000 top prize.

23 October 2002

Wednesday draws are added

Thunderball moved from one draw a week to two, adding Wednesday alongside the original Saturday draw.

November 2009

New draw machines arrive

Historical draw records note the introduction of Smartplay Halogen II machines, part of the game’s operational refresh before the larger 2010 changes.

12 May 2010

The biggest Thunderball rule change

Five extra main balls were added, taking the pool from 34 to 39. The top prize doubled from £250,000 to £500,000 and a new £3 prize for matching only the Thunderball was introduced.

14 May 2010

Friday becomes the third draw night

The first Friday Thunderball draw took place two days after the new 1–39 format began.

31 July 2010

Thunderball reaches draw number 1,000

The 1,000th draw arrived a little over 11 years after the game began.

17 December 2011

Five £500,000 winners in one draw

Five tickets matched all five main numbers plus the Thunderball, with each winning the fixed £500,000 top prize.

30 January 2018

Tuesday is added — four draws a week

A Tuesday draw joined Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, creating the four-draw weekly schedule that Thunderball still uses today.

1 February 2024

Allwyn replaces Camelot as National Lottery operator

The Fourth National Lottery Licence began and Allwyn formally took over from Camelot. Thunderball continued as an existing licensed National Lottery game.

Old game vs current game

Why the 2010 Thunderball Changes Matter

May 2010 changed both the size of the prize and the shape of the odds. The top prize doubled, but adding five more main numbers made matching all five plus the Thunderball harder.

FeatureOriginal ThunderballCurrent-format Thunderball
Main numbers5 from 1–345 from 1–39
Thunderball1 from 1–141 from 1–14
Top prize£250,000£500,000
Top-prize odds1 in 3,895,5841 in 8,060,598
Overall prize oddsAbout 1 in 18.2About 1 in 13
Lowest prize£5 · 1 main + Thunderball£3 · Thunderball only
Draws each week1 at launch4
Line price£1£1
So Thunderball’s top-prize odds became roughly twice as long in 2010, but the headline prize doubled and the extra Thunderball-only tier improved the overall chance of winning any prize.
People, companies and public oversight

Who Was Behind Thunderball When It Launched?

There is no reliable public record naming one individual as “the inventor of Thunderball”. The game was a Camelot product developed inside a much larger National Lottery operation, with commercial leadership, technical suppliers and a newly created independent regulator all playing different roles.

Camelot Chairman · 1999 Sir George Russell

Chaired Camelot during the launch period. Camelot’s November 1999 interim results carried his statement describing Thunderball and Big Draw 2000 as part of a period of “game innovation”.

Camelot Chief Executive · 1999 Tim Holley

Camelot’s chief executive when Thunderball launched. Parliamentary records later list Holley alongside Russell as the senior executive leadership of the operator during this period.

Culture Secretary · 1999 Chris Smith MP

The Secretary of State responsible for National Lottery policy and public appointments at DCMS when Thunderball launched. He appointed the members of the new National Lottery Commission.

National Lottery Commission Chair · launch Brian Pomeroy

Chaired the National Lottery Commission from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000. The Commission replaced OFLOT just weeks before Thunderball launched.

National Lottery Commission Chief Executive Mark Harris

Joined the Commission in April 1999 as chief executive. The regulator’s role was distinct from Camelot’s: licensing, propriety and player protection rather than designing the game.

Launch television presenter Simon Mayo

The first Thunderball draw was broadcast inside Winning Lines, the new BBC National Lottery programme presented at launch by Simon Mayo.

By 2000, Dianne Thompson had been named Camelot’s Chief Executive Designate and later became one of the most prominent executives in National Lottery history. She was not, however, the Camelot chief executive on the June 1999 launch date.

The corporate and technology network behind the Lottery

Camelot itself was a consortium. Parliamentary evidence from the period lists ICL, Cadbury Schweppes, De La Rue and Racal Electronics as its four shareholders. The wider National Lottery technology platform also relied on specialist lottery software and infrastructure suppliers. That does not mean every partner personally designed Thunderball; it shows the scale of the system in which the game was created and operated.

Operator and game owner Camelot Group

Developed and introduced Thunderball as part of The National Lottery product portfolio.

Camelot shareholder ICL

Part of the original Camelot consortium and the wider technology/infrastructure environment behind the Lottery.

Camelot shareholder Racal Electronics

Part of the consortium operating the National Lottery during Thunderball’s launch era.

Camelot shareholder De La Rue

Security-printing specialist and Camelot shareholder during the first licence period.

Camelot shareholder Cadbury Schweppes

Consumer and retail expertise formed part of Camelot’s original consortium model.

Lottery technology supplier GTECH

Supplied core lottery applications software to the UK National Lottery. Parliamentary records later show how central that software relationship was to Camelot’s operation.

The physical draw

Which Machines Have Been Used for Thunderball?

Thunderball has always been a physical ball draw rather than a simple webpage random-number generator. Historical draw records identify the machines, ball sets and later the Smartplay machine family used to conduct the game.

From Halogen I to Halogen II

Historical National Lottery records identify Smartplay’s Halogen family with Thunderball. The original era used the earlier Halogen model; around the 2009–2010 overhaul, Thunderball moved to the newer Halogen II generation.

ManufacturerSmartplay International
Machine familyHalogen
Later generationHalogen II
Mix methodMechanical / gravity mix

The Excalibur machine names

Individual Thunderball draw records use machine names such as Excalibur 1, Excalibur 2, Excalibur 3 and, in 2026 records, Excalibur 6. The machine can change from draw to draw, as can the numbered ball set.

First draw · 12 Jun 1999Excalibur 3 · Ball Set 4
Example · 30 Sep 2025Excalibur 2 · Ball Set 4
Example · 5 Jun 2026Excalibur 1 · Ball Set 7
Example · 3 Jul 2026Excalibur 6 · Ball Set 4
“Excalibur” is a machine name used in Thunderball draw records, not a claim that one single machine has run every draw. Likewise, the Halogen platform is not necessarily exclusive to Thunderball; similar Smartplay equipment is used by other lottery games and operators. MLL therefore records the specific machine and ball set draw by draw where that data is available.

Who checks that the draw is fair?

The National Lottery is regulated by the Gambling Commission, whose statutory duties include ensuring that every National Lottery game is run with due propriety and that participants’ interests are protected.

A 2026 Gambling Commission freedom-of-information response confirms that Allwyn is accredited to the World Lottery Association Security Control Standard, including controls around the integrity of lottery draws and products.

The same response says the Commission holds more detailed information about draw verification, machine testing, anomaly detection and audit procedures, but declined to publish some of those operational details because it considers them commercially/security sensitive.

It would be misleading to publish a list of supposed “Thunderball adjudicators” without a source. The public record supports independent assurance and regulatory oversight, but not a reliable current roster of named individuals at each draw.
International context

Are There Games Like Thunderball Elsewhere in the World?

Yes, although exact clones are unusual. Thunderball belongs to a wider family of two-pool draw games: players choose a group of main numbers and then a separate special ball. What makes Thunderball distinctive is the combination of a £1 line, a fixed £500,000 top prize and its 5/39 + 1/14 matrix.

GameJurisdictionBroad structureHow it differs from Thunderball
Set For LifeUnited Kingdom5 main numbers + 1 Life BallSame National Lottery family, but the top prizes are monthly payments rather than a £500,000 lump sum.
Millionaire for LifeUnited States · multi-state5 from 58 + 1 Millionaire Ball from 5Launched in 2026 with nine prize levels, but its top prizes are lifetime annuities and a line costs $5.
South Africa PowerBallSouth Africa5 main numbers + 1 separate PowerBallStructurally similar two-pool draw, but it is designed around a rolling jackpot rather than Thunderball’s fixed top prize.
EuroMillionsMultiple European countries5 main numbers + 2 Lucky StarsAlso uses separate number pools, but has two special numbers and a large rolling jackpot.
PowerballUnited States / UK access5 main numbers + 1 PowerballThe same broad 5 + 1 architecture, but with a much larger matrix and jackpot-led prize structure.
“Similar” here means similar draw architecture, not identical rules. MLL has not found another major regulated lottery that exactly reproduces Thunderball’s current 5/39 + 1/14, £1, fixed-£500,000 structure.
Sales and participation

How Popular Was Thunderball — and How Many People Play It?

There are useful official and contemporary measures, but they answer slightly different questions. Historic sales tell us how much was spent; modern survey data tells us what share of adults report buying a Thunderball ticket.

Launch-week sales £6.4m

A House of Commons research paper records Thunderball sales peaking at £6.4 million in its first week.

First 14 weeks £70.7m

Camelot’s 1999 interim results reported £70.7 million of Thunderball sales across the first 14 weeks.

Modern participation 4%

The Gambling Survey for Great Britain found 4% of adults had bought Thunderball in the previous four weeks.

Camelot’s £70.7 million over the first 14 weeks works out at roughly £5.05 million per week. By 2001, a Parliamentary research paper said weekly Thunderball sales were averaging about £4.5 million.

For current popularity, the Gambling Commission’s first-year Gambling Survey for Great Britain is more useful than trying to convert sales into a player count. It found that 4% of adults aged 18+ had purchased a Thunderball ticket in the previous four weeks; the figure was 5% among men and 3% among women.

That survey is an estimate from a sample, not a census, so MLL does not turn the 4% figure into an unsupported “X million people play Thunderball” claim.

The Gambling Commission warns that its new survey methodology is not directly comparable with older gambling surveys. The 2023 data should be treated as a new baseline rather than used to manufacture a long-term participation trend.
Who has run Thunderball?

From Camelot to Allwyn

Thunderball has had two National Lottery operators. Camelot introduced the game and ran it through the first three National Lottery licences. Allwyn became operator when the Fourth Licence started in February 2024.

1999 – 31 January 2024 Camelot

Introduced Thunderball, expanded the draw week and carried out the major 2010 game change.

From 1 February 2024 Allwyn

Took over The National Lottery under the ten-year Fourth Licence, including the existing Thunderball licence.

Who is responsible today?

As of 22 August 2026, Allwyn UK is chaired by Justin King CBE. Chief Executive Andria Vidler is stepping down following the completion of major Fourth Licence technology and infrastructure milestones. Allwyn has appointed Phil Walker as Interim Chief Executive with effect from 7 September 2026. Other current senior leaders include CFO Alan Artz and Managing Director, Digital Richard Dawkins. The Gambling Commission remains the statutory regulator, with Sarah Gardner serving as Acting Chief Executive.

Allwyn UK Chair Justin King CBE

Leads the Allwyn UK Board during the Fourth National Lottery Licence.

Chief Executive · stepping down Andria Vidler

Remains listed as CEO on Allwyn's leadership page as of 22 August 2026, but is stepping down as part of the announced leadership transition.

Interim CEO from 7 Sep 2026 Phil Walker

Appointed Interim Chief Executive of Allwyn UK with effect from 7 September 2026.

Chief Financial Officer Alan Artz

Part of Allwyn's current executive leadership team and involved in the transition from the Third to Fourth Licence.

Managing Director, Digital Richard Dawkins

Leads digital performance and development of the draw-based games portfolio.

Acting Gambling Commission CEO Sarah Gardner

Acting Chief Executive of the Gambling Commission, which regulates the National Lottery and oversees player protection and licence compliance.

Leadership changes over time, so this section is date-stamped. The enduring governance structure matters more: Allwyn operates the game under the Fourth National Lottery Licence, while the Gambling Commission regulates the National Lottery and oversees licence compliance. Allwyn's 19 August 2026 announcement confirms Vidler's departure and Walker's interim appointment from 7 September.
Where the game stands now

Thunderball Today

The modern game still keeps the basic idea Camelot launched in 1999: a smaller fixed top prize and shorter top-prize odds than the main giant-jackpot games. What changed was the size of the main pool, the top prize and how often the draw happens.

Today a line uses five main numbers from 1–39 and one Thunderball from 1–14. The standard top prize is £500,000 and the game has nine prize tiers.

Draws now take place on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. For the newest numbers and draw status, use Thunderball results; for the full current prize structure, use Thunderball prizes & odds.

Continue through Thunderball

Results, Archives, Odds and Number Tools

The history page explains how the game reached its current form. From here you can move to today’s result, winner status, prize odds, random numbers or the complete draw archive.

Frequently asked questions

Thunderball History FAQs

When did Thunderball start?
Thunderball launched in June 1999. Tickets went on sale on Monday 7 June and the first draw took place on Saturday 12 June 1999.
Who created Thunderball?
Thunderball was introduced by Camelot, then operator of The National Lottery. MLL has not found a strong primary source naming a single individual as the personal creator of the game.
Why was Thunderball created?
Camelot told Parliament that research showed players wanted, alongside large-jackpot games, a lottery offering a greater chance of winning smaller prizes. Thunderball was developed to fill that role.
What were the first Thunderball numbers?
The first draw on 12 June 1999 produced main numbers 8, 26, 28, 31 and 32, with Thunderball 6.
Was Thunderball always £500,000?
No. The original top prize was £250,000. It doubled to £500,000 when the game was changed in May 2010.
Did Thunderball always use 39 main numbers?
No. From launch, players chose five main numbers from 1–34. Five more balls were added in May 2010, creating the current 1–39 main-number pool.
Was Thunderball always £1 to play?
The original Parliamentary description lists Thunderball at £1 per line, and the current game remains £1 per line.
When were extra Thunderball draw days added?
Thunderball began as Saturday-only. Wednesday was added on 23 October 2002, Friday on 14 May 2010 and Tuesday on 30 January 2018.
How many people play Thunderball?
There is no simple official live player count. The Gambling Survey for Great Britain found that 4% of adults had bought a Thunderball ticket in the previous four weeks. That is a survey estimate and should not be treated as an exact headcount.
Who runs Thunderball now?
Allwyn has operated The National Lottery, including Thunderball, since 1 February 2024. Camelot was the previous operator and introduced Thunderball in 1999.
Who is the current chief executive of Allwyn UK?
As of 22 August 2026, Allwyn's leadership page still lists Andria Vidler as Chief Executive, but Allwyn announced on 19 August that she is stepping down. Phil Walker has been appointed Interim Chief Executive with effect from 7 September 2026.
Why did the Thunderball top-prize odds get worse in 2010?
The main-number pool expanded from 34 to 39, creating more possible five-number combinations. The top-prize odds lengthened from 1 in 3,895,584 to 1 in 8,060,598, while the top prize doubled to £500,000 and the overall prize odds improved.
Who was Camelot’s chief executive when Thunderball launched?
Tim Holley was Camelot’s chief executive in 1999, with Sir George Russell as chairman. Dianne Thompson was later named Chief Executive Designate and subsequently became Camelot chief executive.
Who regulated Thunderball when it launched?
The National Lottery Commission had taken over from OFLOT on 1 April 1999. Brian Pomeroy was its first chairman during the Thunderball launch period, and Mark Harris was chief executive.
What draw machines does Thunderball use?
Thunderball has used Smartplay Halogen-family mechanical draw equipment. Individual draw records identify named machines in the Excalibur pool, including Excalibur 1, 2, 3 and 6 in recent archives, together with a numbered ball set.
Who adjudicates or verifies a Thunderball draw?
The game operates within National Lottery regulatory and independent-assurance controls. The Gambling Commission confirms that detailed draw-integrity and machine-testing procedures exist, but it does not publish all operational details or a reliable public roster of individual adjudicators for each Thunderball draw.
Are there lottery games similar to Thunderball in other countries?
Yes. Many regulated lotteries use a main-number pool plus a separate special ball. Current examples include the US multi-state Millionaire for Life and South Africa PowerBall, while UK Set For Life uses a closely related 5 + 1 structure. None is an exact clone of Thunderball’s current rules.
Research sources

Sources and Historical Notes

Historical claims on this page use contemporary Camelot material, Parliamentary records, Gambling Commission statistics and draw archives. Where a secondary historical archive is used, it is not presented as an official operator source.

Research checked 22 August 2026. Historic sales figures are nominal values reported at the time and have not been adjusted for inflation.